Individual Essay (Final Version)

UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA EXPERIMENTAL LIBERTADOR

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO "RAFAEL ALBERTO ESCOBAR LARA"

Voluntary Euthanasia:
A Way to Express Yourself

Do you think it is fair to let a person suffer to die? Just imagine a person who has been in overwhelming pain and agony for years, and that person actually wanted to die, but it can not happen because voluntary euthanasia is not considered as an excellent choice to avoid affliction in people with chronic physical condition. It is known that society accepts that only God can take people’s lives away; however, if those people claim the right to die with dignity and end with their own lives because they can not stand it anymore, their right should be respected. Therefore, Voluntary Euthanasia should be legalized for people who are in terminal illness.
Euthanasia (from Greek: ευθανασία -ευ, eat, "good", θάνατος, thanatos, death) is the practice of terminating the life of a person or animal in a painless or minimally painful way in order to prevent suffering or other undesired conditions in life. This may be voluntary or involuntary, and carried out with or without a physician. In a medical environment, this can be carried out by oral, intravenous or intramuscular drug administration1. What most of the people believe is that euthanasia just means killing a person when he/she requests it; but, there are some aspects they have to consider in order to establish differences between voluntary euthanasia and the other types:
· Voluntary euthanasia: When the person who is killed has requested to be killed.
Non-voluntary: When the person who is killed made no request and gave no consent.
Involuntary euthanasia: When the person who is killed made an expressed wish to the contrary.
Assisted suicide: Someone provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to take his or her own life with the intention that they will be used for this purpose. When it is a doctor who helps another person to kill themselves it is called "physician assisted suicide."
Euthanasia by Action: Intentionally causing a person's death by performing an action such as by giving a lethal injection.
Euthanasia by Omission: Intentionally causing death by not providing necessary and ordinary (usual and customary) care or food and water2.
On the other hand, terminal illness is medical terminology popularized in the 20th century for an active and progressive disease which cannot be cured and is expected to lead to death. Palliative care is often prescribed to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. A patient who has such an illness is referred to as a terminal patient or terminally ill. Conditions said to be terminal include (but are not limited to): cancer, emphysema, liver failure, kidney failure, asbestosis, mesothelioma, some mental illness and heart disease. AIDS was once considered to be a terminal illness but modern medications make it possible for patients to live with the condition for many years after diagnosis and they often die from other causes3.
One of the most important reasons to apply euthanasia is the unbearable pain that patients feel when illness is in its last phase. Even when a patient who has been taking medicines to kill the pain, there is a possibility that this treatment does not eliminate it and because of this, people make the decision to request for voluntary euthanasia. In addition to this, people have the right to alleviate the pain and also have the right to avoid excruciating ache; they have opinions, decisions and choices that must be taken into account because their way to think or express feelings about how they want to die is needed to be appreciated in order to provide them a peacefully death. It is not a secret that voluntary euthanasia could be a controversial topic; nevertheless, it is an extraordinary option for human beings who are passing through a terminal disease.
If a human being wants to die, that right should be respected. A person who wants to finish his/her life deserves to be heard; moreover, he/she deserves to be helped to die with honor, because it is not an obligation to live in misery and suffering. On the other hand, patients’ families are in constant preoccupation because they have to carry out with the expensive treatments that require a person in a chronic physical and psychological condition, and sometimes they can not afford it. Here, there are two questions: first, If you had a relative that request voluntary euthanasia, would you let your relative suffer a depressive and painful death? and second, would you release your relative from pain? It is difficult to answer quickly these two questions, but people need to think carefully about it, and try to understand that nobody wants to be condemned to suffer for a long time.“Euthanasia is a rejection of importance and value of a human life”4 . But for instance, what about capital punishment? Is it a rejection of the importance of a human life? Of course, it is because government is killing someone and the only difference is the crime committed by somebody. Nowadays, people have started to think about the importance of voluntary euthanasia supporting this cause. In fact, there are two countries where this relevant issue is legal; Netherlands legalized it in 2001, and then Belgium joined to Netherlands in 2002. So, in those countries, practicing voluntary euthanasia is a reality. It is time to change our beliefs and take into consideration that people can decide about their lives and destiny. For this reason, voluntary euthanasia must be legalized and considered as a reliable option for people with terminal illness.

“God is not the only one who takes lives away"
Think about it...


Author:
Mayerlyn Rojas I.D.: 17.197850
Prof. Manuel Adrián Arrioja
Prof. Diana Feliciano

REFERENCES

(1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthanasia
(2) http://www.euthanasia.com/definitions.html
(3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_illness
(4) http://www.euthanasia.com/argumentsagainsteuthanasia.html

Individual essay (first draft)

Voluntary Euthanasia:
A way to express yourself

Do you think it is fair to let a person suffer to die? Just imagine a person who has been in overwhelming pain and agony for years and that person actually wanted to die, but it can not happen because voluntary euthanasia is not consider as an excellent choice to avoid affliction in people with chronic physical condition. It is known that society accepts that only God can take people’s lives away, however, if those people claim the right to die with dignity and end with their own lives because they can not stand it anymore, their right should be respected. Therefore, Voluntary Euthanasia should be legalized for people who are in terminal illness.

Euthanasia (from Greek: ευθανασία -ευ, eat, "good", θάνατος, thanatos, death) is the practice of terminating the life of a person or animal in a painless or minimally painful way in order to prevent suffering or other undesired conditions in life. This may be voluntary or involuntary, and carried out with or without a physician. In a medical environment, this can be carried out by oral, intravenous or intramuscular drug administration.

Euthanasia Definitions
Euthanasia: the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. (The key word here is "intentional". If death is not intended, it is not an act of euthanasia)
Voluntary euthanasia: When the person who is killed has requested to be killed.
Non-voluntary: When the person who is killed made no request and gave no consent.
Involuntary euthanasia: When the person who is killed made an expressed wish to the contrary.
Assisted suicide: Someone provides an individual with the information, guidance, and means to take his or her own life with the intention that they will be used for this purpose. When it is a doctor who helps another person to kill themselves it is called "physician assisted suicide."
Euthanasia by Action: Intentionally causing a person's death by performing an action such as by giving a lethal injection.
Euthanasia by Omission: Intentionally causing death by not providing necessary and ordinary (usual and customary) care or food and water. http://www.euthanasia.com/definitions.html

Terminal illness is medical terminology popularized in the 20th century for an active and progressive disease which cannot be cured and is expected to lead to death. Palliative care is often prescribed to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. A patient who has such an illness is referred to as a terminal patient or terminally ill.

Conditions said to be terminal include (but are not limited to): cancer, emphysema, liver failure, kidney failure, asbestosis, mesothelioma, some mental illness and heart disease. AIDS was once considered to be a terminal illness but modern medications make it possible for patients to live with the condition for many years after diagnosis and they often die from other causes. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_illness

It is not a secret that voluntary euthanasia is a controversial topic; nevertheless, it could be an extraordinary option for human beings who are passing through a terminal disease. One of the most important reasons is the unbearable pain that patients feel when illness is in its last phase. Even when a patient who has been taking medicines to kill the pain, there is a possibility that this treatment does not eliminate it and because of this, people make the decision to request for voluntary euthanasia. In addition to this, people have the right to alleviate the pain and also have the right to avoid excruciating ache. They Have opinions, decisions and choices that must be taken into account because their way to think or express feelings about how they want to die is needed to be appreciated in order to provide them a peacefully death.

Another important reason would be that a person who wants to finish his or her life deserves to be heard, moreover, deserve to be helped to die with honor, because it is not an obligation to live in misery and suffering. On the other hand, patients’ families are in constant preoccupation because they have to carry out with the expensive treatments that require a person in a chronic physical and psychological condition, and sometimes they can not afford it. Here are two questions, first: If you had a relative that request voluntary euthanasia, would you let your relative suffer a depressive and painful death? Or would you release your relative from pain? It is difficult to answer these two questions quickly, but people need to think carefully about it, and try to understand that nobody wants to de condemned to suffer for a long time.

According to web page www.euthanasia.com, Euthanasia is a rejection of importance and value of a human life. But what about capital punishment for instance; is it a rejection of the importance of a human life? Of course it is because government is killing someone and the only difference is the crime committed by somebody. Nowadays, people have started to think about the importance of voluntary euthanasia supporting this cause. In fact, there are two countries where this relevant issue is legal. Netherlands legalized it in 2001, and then Belgium joined to Netherlands in 2002. So, in those countries practicing voluntary euthanasia is a reality. It is time to change our beliefs and take into consideration that people can decide about their live and destiny. Finally, voluntary euthanasia is an option that needs to accepted by society.

"God is not the only one who takes lives away"

...think about it

Essay (Final Version)

REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA EXPERIMENTAL LIBERTADOR
INSTITUTO PEDAGÓGICO "RAFAEL ALBERTO ESCOBAR LARA"

Have you already talked to your girls about sex?

“I was never told about sex before” said Vanessa Guzman, a twelve-year-old girl from El Limon-Maracay, when she was asked the reason why she had decided to have a sexual relation. Her parents said that they had not talked to her about sex because they thought she was not ready to hear about this complex, and for them, embarrassing topic, what they did not take into account was that she was about to reach puberty, and that was the best age to start. On the other hand, Vanessa said that her parents never gave her opportunities to ask questions related to sex and that was why she decided to search for information everywhere except her own home. Vanessa asked the wrong person and now she is pregnant. Therefore, parents should talk about sex to their girls before they reach puberty in order to avoid unplanned pregnancy.

Puberty is the time when a girl's body grows into a woman's body, and it may begin as early as seven or eight years old or as late as fourteen years old. The physical changes are necessary for a girl to reproduce (have babies) later in life. During puberty, hormones are released from girls’ brain, and it cause their ovaries (organs that hold eggs) to produce estrogen, which is the main hormone that starts the body changes, such as pubic, underarms and legs hair growing, and breasts development. In addition to this, girls may start having strong sexual urges and feelings they had not had before. Girls may also develop a romantic attraction to someone and begin dating, it is natural to have changing feelings. Sometimes during puberty, girls may feel distanced from their parents. Parents may feel the same way and may be uncomfortable talking with their girls about intimate issues. Sigel (2003).

One of the biggest problems girls face when they are about to reach puberty is the lack of comunication between their parents and them. Most of the times, talking to their girls about a complex topic such as sex, represents a difficult job for parents, and what they do not take into consideration is that puberty represents the begining of sexual curiosity, and the precise moment at which information about sex and premature pregnancy should be provided. Here two questions are needed to be answered, first of all, why is it difficult for parents to talk about sex to their girls? Sometimes it could be because they do not pay attention to their girls physical and behavior changes, or they do not consider that their girls are mature enough to understand issues related to sex and sexuality, so they avoid answering the possible questions or doubts their girls might have. As a result, girls lose their parents trust, and they choose to search information in different places except their own home. Moreover, parents think they have solved a big problem, but here it is where the second question appears, have they really done it? What they do is to push their girls into a world that can affect their beliefs without realizing it. Nowadays young girls can get information about sex everywhere they go; seeing women who sell their bodies in the streets, or pornography on the web shows clearly how drastic society has changed, and how a sexual relation can be misunderstood. Consequently, girls keep in their minds a wrong concept about what a sexual relation really is, and have no idea about how dangerous it can finish.
According to The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry “It is important to talk about the responsibilities and consequences that come from being sexually active such as pregnancy and feelings about sex; it can help them make the decisions that are best for them without feeling pressured to do something before they are ready” Most parents could delay having conversations related to sex with their girls maybe because they think it is easier for them to promote the choice of abstinence among their girls than provide reliable information to them. Even though parents believe that their “little girls” should not have sex until they get married, they must consider providing them basic information before they reach puberty; for instance, how feelings can take part in any sexual activity or not, contraception, etc, and as a result, avoid irremediable consequences such as unwanted pregnancy.
Simon Forrest, Director, Sex Education Forum, UK and Annabel Kanabus, Director, AVERT, UK said: “The precise age at which information related to sex should be provided depends on the physical, emotional an intellectual development of the young girls as well as their level of understanding” However, in most of the cases, girls who have not reached puberty, specifically at eight years old, can be considered as people ready to start talking about sex and sexuality. Nowadays, it must be relevant for parents to keep a healthy communication with their daughters, although, it is necessary to start as earlier as possible and talk freely about sex in order to get their daughters’ trust. Also it is known that is complicated for parents to take a sit with their girls and explain issues associated to sex, for instance, where babies come from, but the important thing is to discard the same old story about the stork and start putting their feet on the ground, and realize that their girls are able to know more than they can expect. Maybe parents could look for professional help so they can feel less stressful when puberty has come to their girls.
Overall, the sooner parents start talking about sex to their girls the better. What they have to take into account is that the main role they have to play is providing the necessary information about sex in order to keep their young girls away from negative influences that can affect their sexual development, an also their lives. For this reason, parents should start raising issues about sex and sexuality to their girls before they reach puberty and before anybody else does it for them.



“Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today”
Benjamín Franklin.



Authors:
Pérez Stephanie C.I.: 17.570.260
Rojas Mayerlyn C.I.: 17.197.850
Sánchez Fernando C.I.: 16.763.972
English IV. Section 801.

Developmental Paragraph (second draft)

Have you already talked to your girls about sex?

“I was never told about sex before” said Vanessa Guzman, a twelve-year-old girl from El Limon-Maracay, when she was asked the reason why she had decided to have a sexual relation. Her parents said that they had not talked to her about sex because they thought she was not ready to hear about this complex, and for them, embarrassing topic, what they did not take into account was that she was about to reach puberty, and that was the best age to start. On the other hand, Vanessa said that her parents never gave her opportunities to ask questions related to sex and that was why she decided to search for information everywhere except her own home. Vanessa asked the wrong person and now she is pregnant. Therefore, parents should talk openly about sex to their girls before they reach puberty and after they have developed patterns of behavior.One of the biggest problems girls are facing today is the black hole that exists between their parents and them. Most of the times, talking to their girls about a complex topic such as sex, represents a difficult job for parents, and what they do not take into consideration is that nobody can play this role better than them. Here some questions are needed to be answered, why is it difficult for parents to talk about sex to their girls? Sometimes it could be because they do not know when to start raising issues about sex and sexuality, or they do not consider that their girls are mature enough, and they avoid answering the possible questions or doubts their girls might have. As a result, girls lose their parents trust, and they choose to search information in different places except their own home. Moreover, parents think they have solved a big problem, but, have they really done it? What they do is to push their girls into a world that can affect their patterns of behavior and beliefs without realizing it. Nowadays young girls can get information about sex everywhere they go; seeing women who sell their bodies in the streets, or pornography on the web shows clearly how drastic society has changed, and how a sexual relation can be misunderstood. Consequently, girls keep in their minds a wrong concept about what a sexual relation really is, and have no idea about how dangerous it can finish.According to Simon Forrest, Director, Sex Education Forum, UK and Annabel Kanabus, Director, AVERT, UK, “The precise age at which information related to sex should be provided depends on the physical, emotional an intellectual development of the young girls as well as their level of understanding” However, in most of the cases, girls who have not reached puberty, specifically between the age of nine to eleven years, can be considered as people ready to start talking about sex and sexuality. Most parents could delay having conversations related to sex with their girls maybe because they think it is easier for them to promote the choice of abstinence among their girls than provide reliable information to them. Even though parents believe that their “little girls” should not have sex until they get married, they must consider providing basic information about what a sexual relation involves; for instance, how feelings can take part in any sexual activity or not, contraception, etc, and as a result, avoid irremediable consequences such as sexual transmission diseases, viruses that can attack their bodies, and unwanted pregnancy.Nowadays, it must be relevant for parents to keep a healthy communication with their daughters, although, it is necessary to start as earlier as possible preferably between nine to ten years old and talk freely and openly about sex in order to get their daughters’ trust. Also it is known that is complicated for parents to take a sit with their girls and explain issues associated to sex, like for instance, where babies come from, but the important thing is to discard the same old story about the stork and start putting the feet on the ground, and realize that their girls are able to know more than they can expect. Maybe parents could look for professional help so they can feel less stressful when puberty has come to their girls.Overall, the sooner parents start talking about sex to their girls the better. What they have to take into consideration is that the main role they have to play is to try to keep their young girls away from negative influences that can affect their development, an also their lives. For this reason, parents should start raising issues about sex and sexuality to their girls before they reach puberty and before anybody else does it for them.

“Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today”

Benjamín Franklin.

Developmental Paragraph (first graft)

Sex Education that Works“I was never told about sex before” said Vanessa Guzman, a twelve-year-old girl from El Limon-Maracay, when she was asked the reason why she had decided to have a sexual relation. Her parents said that they had not talked to her about sex because they thought she was not ready to hear about this complex, and for them, embarrassing topic, but what they did not take into account was that she was about to reach puberty, and that was the best age to start. On the other hand, Vanessa said that her parents never gave her opportunities to ask questions related to sex and that was why she decided to search for information everywhere except her own home. Vanessa asked the wrong person and now she is pregnant. Therefore, parents should talk openly about sex to their girls before they reach puberty and after they have developed patterns of behavior.
The lack of communication between parents and their daughters is one of the biggest problems girls are facing today; in fact, girls find it very difficult to talk to their parents about issues that are affecting their lives on a day-to-day basis. Many of them really want to talk to their parents on sex-related topics, but the minute anything that has to do with comes out of their mouths, their parents automatically put themselves in a defense mode and turn their girl’s questions into accusations. The first thing parents think when they are asked about sex is that their girls are having a sexual relationship or they are pregnant. Parents automatically jump to conclusions without even thinking about it. Furthermore, these kinds of parents accusations will eventually turn off their girls, and as a consequence they go to the next best thing, their friends, and what parents do not take into consideration is that sex education has to start at home.
Sex education that works start early and at home, but sometimes it can be difficult for parents to know when to talk about sex to their girls. What is important for parents is to maintain an open mind in order to gain their daughter’s trust, and provided them with opportunities to ask questions related to a sexual relation. However, when to start? The precise age at which information about sex should be provided depends on the physical, emotional, and intellectual development of the young girls, as well as their level of understanding. It is important not to delay providing information to girls but to begin when they are young. At this age, girls can be informed about how people grow and change over time, and how babies become children and then adults. It is also important for girls to be in touch with information related to viruses and germs that attack the body. Even if parents believe that young girls should not have sex until they are married, this does not imply withholding important information about sex and contraception. Rather than trying to frighten young girls away from having sex, effective sex education includes work on attitudes and beliefs, coupled with skills development that enables young girls to choose whether or not to have a sexual relationship, taking into account the potential risks of any sexual activity.
Nowadays young girls can get information about sex and sexuality from a wide range of sources including each other, through the media including advertising, television and magazines, as well as books and websites. Society has changed drastically; for instance, it is normal for young girls to see in the streets women who sell their bodies in order to get some money, and it can affect them negatively because they can take it as a concept about what a sexual relation is. Thus, to avoid negatively consequences, sex education has to start at home in order to provide young girls with an opportunity to explore the reasons why people have sex, and to think how it involves emotions, respect for oneself and other people and their feelings, decisions and bodies.

Elaborated By:

Pérez Stephanie

Rojas Mayerlyn
Sánchez Fernando

Essay lab activity

Choose the correct answer for each question
Show questions one by one
<= 1 / 15=>
What is an essay?
? It is a text where you can write all kind of ideas.
? It is a long composition about someone's private life.
? It is an organized collection of your ideas about an specific topic.
? It is a text about several topics.
In a descriptive essay you should...
? Discuss the similarities and differences between two things, people, concepts, places, etc.
? Provide details about how something looks, feels, tastes, smells, makes one feel or sounds.
? Separate things or ideas into specific categories and discuss each of them.
? Present objections and refute them.
A subordinating conjunction is use to...
? To link equivalent sentence elements.
? To keep coherence.
? To join individual words, phrases and independent clause.
? To introduce a dependent clause and indicate the nature of the relationship amog dependent clause and the independent clause.
What is a thesis statement?
? It is a single sentence somewhere in your first paragraph, that present your argument to the reader.
? It is a sentence that connect to paragraph.
? It is a sentence that gives the reader an idea of what the paragraph is going to deal with.
? It is the first sentence of each paragraph.
What does the introductory paragraph do?
? It shows in a sentence the essay's purpose.
? It summarizes the main idea of the essay.
? It helps you to develop the essay.
? It introduces the main idea of the essay.
What is an outline?
? It is a guideline that will help you to find the purpose of the essay.
? It is a text that provides ideas.
? It is a draft that contains all the ideas of the essay.
? It is an organized format of your ideas.
Which transition words do you need to show cause and effect?
? Another, in addition to, related to, furthermore, also.
? Therefore, thus, as result of, consequently.
? However, even though, on the other hand, nevertheless.
? First, second, third.
What is a supporting paragraph?
? It is a paragraph that contains the thesis statement.
? It is a pargraph that makes up the main body of the essay.
? It is the conclution of an essay after you have finished developing your ideas.
? It is the opening paragraph that catch the reader interest.
Select the most appropiate transition word to add more information:
? First.
? On the other hand.
? Thus.
? Furthermore.
What does the concluding paragraph do?
? It introduces the main idea of the essay.
? It provides background information about the topic.
? It develops the main idea of the essay.
? It summarizes or restates the main idea of the essay.
What do we use transition words for?
? We use them to separate one paragraph from another.
? We use them to connect paragraphs and make an essay easier to read.
? We use them to link the thesis statement and final thoughts.
? We use them to put in order a paragraph.
What is a topic sentence?
? It is a sentence that declares what you believe and what you intend to prove.
? It is a sentence that gives the reader an idea of what the paragraph is going to be about.
? It is a sentence that identifies the purpose of an essay.
? It is a sentence that indicates in a general way what idea or thesis the essay is going to deal with.
An effective paragraph should contain:
? A topic sentence and the major points.
? An introductory, supporting and concluding paragraph.
? A thesis statement.
? Unity, coherence, a topic sentence and adequate development.
A traditionally thesis statement is...
? As long as a composition.
? As long as you want.
? No longer than one or possible two sentences, even if your paper is long.
? As long as the concluding paragraph.
What is an argumentative essay?
? Its is a essay that defines and classifies things or ideas into specific categories.
? It is an essay that attempts to persuade the reader to the writer's point of view.
? It is an essay that gives directions or intructions about how to complete a task, or how something is done.
? It is an essay that explains why or how some events happened, and what the results are.

My greatest dream!

My greatest dream is to become an English Teacher because I want to teach what I learnt and transmit my knowledge to other people, but I have another greatest dream… to have a beautiful family, a big house, and a gorgeous husband of course! And then I would like to have a child and be a good mom and a good wife, that’s what I really want!

I’ve also dreamt about traveling to Hawai or Curazao, anyway I hope my dreams come true very quickly because it would be awesome.

Mayerlyn